ASTRONOMY COURSE 1010

FINAL TEST

There are 100 questions: the first 25 were taken from the first two tests, and the last 75 cover the last material covered. Use only a Number 2 pencil. If you make a mistake and need to correct it be sure you erase completely. Sometimes the scanner is not kind. Hint: None of the "E" answers is correct!

You should also be ready for a surprise quiz during your first summer camping trip.

1. "Falsification" refers to the possibility that a scientific theory
   1. is based on false assumptions
   2. might use false logic to deduce erroneous conclusions
   3. might have faulty equipment used in the experiment
   4. can be proven false by its predictions failing
   5. can be used falsely to sell toothpaste
2. The North Star is always in the north because
   1. it is near the North celestial pole
   2. it always rises due North
   3. it always sets due North
   4. it attracts the compass needle
   5. Polaris missiles are mostly pointed North.
3. When the sun crosses the celestial equator on or about March 21, it is the spring
   1. solstice
   2. equinox
   3. Stonehenge
   4. zodiac
   5. Egg Balancing Fiesta in Vernal, Utah
4. Seasons are caused by
   1. the eccentricity of the solar orbit
   2. the earth getting nearer and farther away from the sun
   3. the 23.5° tilt of the earth's axis
   4. the precession of the equinoxes
   5. presidential decree
5. The set of 12 constellations around the ecliptic in which the planets are found is called
   1. zodiac
   2. ecliptic
   3. equator
   4. horizon
   5. house of the rising sun
6. Even though solar eclipses occur more often than lunar eclipses, why is it more likely that you will see a lunar eclipse?
   1. it is easier to see eclipses at night
   2. a lunar eclipse is visible for only a small region of earth
   3. a solar eclipse is visible for only a small region of the earth
   4. misleading; lunar eclipses occur more often
   5. lunatics can only see lunar eclipses
7. Retrograde motion of planets refers to the fact that
   1. Mercury and Venus sometimes appear to reverse phases
   2. the outer planets seem to loop backwards as the earth passes them in orbit
   3. the inner planets appear to stand still at heliacal rising
   4. the outer planets as passed by the asteroid
   5. the planets reverse course when necessary to avoid collisions
8. Navigators can find their latitude by observing the angle between
   1. the North Star and the horizon
   2. the celestial equator and the North celestial pole
   3. the celestial poles
   4. the zenith and the horizon
   5. the stars are of no use to find lattitude at sea because of wave motion
9. The shift in the apparent position of a star due to the earth's motion is termed the star's
   1. terminator
   2. parallax
   3. deferent
   4. phase
   5. shiftiness
10. When a planet is farthest from the sun, it travels
    1. fastest
    2. slowest
    3. the same speed as throughout the orbit
    4. at a rate proportional to its temperature
    5. it stops for gas
11. All of the following are examples of electomagnetic radiation (light), except for
    1. gamma rays and X-rays
    2. alpha rays and beta rays
    3. microwaves
    4. ultraviolet and infrared light
    5. AM and FM radio
12. The Doppler effect means that
    1. an object travelling away from you has blue-shifted light
    2. an object travelling away from you has red-shifted light
    3. an object travelling away from you has green-shifted light
    4. an object travelling away from you has no shift in the wavelength
    5. an object travelling away from you cannot emit light
13. Wien's law states:
    1. the cooler an object, the bluer the radiation it emits
    2. the hotter an object, the bluer the radiation it emits
    3. the hotter the object, the redder the radiation it emits
    4. temperature is proportional to the emitted energy
    5. the wiener will fall out of the bun if possible
14. The smallest and largest planets (excluding Pluto) are
    1. Mars and Jupiter
    2. Mercury and Jupiter
    3. Mercury and Saturn
    4. Venus and Jupiter
    5. Stockton and Malone
15. The hottest planet is
    1. Mercury, because it is so near the sun
    2. Venus, because of the "greenhouse" effect
    3. Mars, because of its large magnetic field
    4. Io, because of Jupiter's tidal effects
    5. Earth, because it has the most action
16. Planets nearly identical to the earth in certain respects are
    1. Mercury in rotation rate, Venus in temperature, Mars in size
    2. Mercury in size, Venus in density, Mars in temperature
    3. Mercury in temperature, Venus in rotation rate, Mars in size
    4. Mercury in density, Venus in size, Mars in rotation rate
    5. Mercury in swiftness, Venus in beauty, Mars in agression
17. The planet which would float in water is
    1. Mars
    2. Jupiter
    3. Saturn
    4. Uranus
    5. There's no bathtub big enough, so there's no way to know
18. The planet on which you would weigh the most is
    1. Mars
    2. Jupiter
    3. Saturn
    4. Uranus
    5. You weigh the same on every planet.
19. Which is NOT a characteristic of the giant planets?
    1. low density
    2. pronounced greenhouse effect
    3. they all have rings
    4. they have many satellites
    5. they are named for mythological gods
20. The fact that no object was known at the Bode's rule distance of 2.8 a.u. led to the discovery of
    1. the moons of Mars
    2. the asteroids
    3. the ring around Jupiter
    4. Neptune
    5. Newton's laws
21. One planet which is both a morning and evening star is
    1. Venus
    2. Earth
    3. Mars
    4. Jupiter
    5. the same planet cannot be both the evening and the morning star
22. Jupiter is
    1. about 2 times the diameter of the earth
    2. about 5 times the diameter of the earth
    3. about 10 times the diameter of the earth
    4. about 20 times the diameter of the earth
    5. too big to be seen in a telescope
23. Saturn's ring is composed of
    1. solid rock
    2. solid ice
    3. rock chunks
    4. ice chunks
    5. white gold
24. Comet tails
    1. point backward from the direction of orbital motion
    2. point away from the sun
    3. point toward the planet Jupiter
    4. point toward the sun
    5. point up when happy, and are dragging when sad
25. An average meteor is about the size of
    1. Mt. Timpanogos (1 km)
    2. the Utah State Capitol building (100 meters)
    3. a Toyota car (1 meter)
    4. a grain of sand or head of a match (1 mm)
    5. one yard (one meteor = 39.37 inches)

    
    

26. The sun like the earth rotates on its axis. When it rotates
    1. it rotates like a solid, all parts move together
    2. the surface gas near the poles moves faster
    3. the surface gas near the equator moves faster
    4. the main motion of the surface gas is from pole to equator
    5. the sun revolves, not rotates, around the earth
27. The visible surface of the sun is the
    1. photosphere
    2. chromosphere
    3. corona
    4. prominence
    5. top
28. The outermost thin atmosphere layer of the sun is termed the
    1. photosphere
    2. chromosphere
    3. corona
    4. prominence
    5. solar bald spot
29. The spectrum of the sun has
    1. dark absorption lines
    2. bright emission lines
    3. no lines; it is continuous as shown by a prism
    4. only Hydrogen lines
    5. frowny lines
30. The charged particles (mostly electrons and protons) emitted by the sun are called
    1. photosphere
    2. solar wind
    3. solar emission
    4. sun spots
    5. positive vibs
31. Which is NOT true of the solar corona?
    1. a possible source of the solar wind
    2. much hotter than the photosphere
    3. much less dense than the photosphere
    4. it contains the sunspots
    5. visible to the naked eye during total solar eclipses
32. Which is NOT true of sunspots?
    1. they are hotter than the surrounding photosphere
    2. they appear in cycles
    3. they are stormy areas that can be the sites of solar flares
    4. they are areas of strong magnetism
    5. they can be used to measure the rotation rate of the sun

    
    

33. The gnonom of a sundial, which causes the shadow, should be
    1. made of metal, so that it can cast a very sharp shadow
    2. parallel to the earth's axis, pointing to the celestial pole
    3. pointing to the spring equinox
    4. pointing to the analemma
    5. inscribed with a chant to the sun god Ra
34. The sun is believed to be powered by
    1. nuclear reactions, changing helium into hydrogen
    2. nuclear reactions, changing hydrogen into helium
    3. chemical reactions, beginning with hyrdogen and ending with iron
    4. gravitational contraction
    5. a giant coal furnace big enough to make Geneva Steel's look like a candle a light year away.
35. A star moving away from the earth will have a spectrum containing
    1. unshifted lines
    2. blue shifted lines
    3. red shifted lines
    4. weak lines
    5. telephone lines
36. Parallax would be easier to measure if
    1. the earth's orbit were larger
    2. the stars were farther away
    3. the earth moved faster along its orbit
    4. the stars were all exactly 1,000 parsecs from us
    5. it were easier to spell it
37. A light year is
    1. the time it takes light to travel for one year
    2. a year in which the aurora borealis gives off extra light
    3. the distance that light can travel in one year
    4. a year that is slightly shorter because of perihelion advance
    5. a year without heavy happenings
38. Apparent magnitude is
    1. a system of apparent stellar brightness originating in France
    2. about 1 for bright stars and 6 for the dimmest stars visible to the unaided eye
    3. a system of catagorizing stars by diameter
    4. such that a star 1 magnitude higher is about 2.5 times brighter
    5. how big you look in the mirror
39. Measuring stellar distances by parallax is reliable for
    1. The nearest stars only
    2. Binary stars only
    3. Stars whose intrinsic brightness is known
    4. Stars up to a distance of about 10,000 light years away
    5. All visible stars

    
    

40. Giant stars must be larger in diameter than the sun because
    1. they are more luminous even though they are often cooler
    2. they are less luminous but are hotter
    3. have the same luminosity but are less dense
    4. have the same luminosity but are relatively close
    5. all giant stars are in Hollywood
41. Stellar masses can often be determined using laws of motion on
    1. Giants
    2. Dwarfs
    3. Binary stars
    4. Cool stars
    5. Movie stars
42. The location of a star in the H-R Diagram is determined by its
    1. color and distance
    2. temperature and density
    3. color and luminosity
    4. brightness and distance
    5. wealth and beauty
43. In the H-R diagram, 90 percent of all stars fall
    1. in the giant region
    2. in the super giant region
    3. in the instability strip
    4. on the main sequence
    5. like overripe figs in the wind
44. Betelgeuse is a
    1. blue giant
    2. main sequence giant
    3. red supergiant
    4. yellow supergiant
    5. stupid cartoon
45. The main sequence stage for a star is believed to begin at
    1. protostar contraction
    2. core hydrogen burning
    3. hydrogen shell burning
    4. the helium flash
    5. post puberty expansion

    
    

46. An example of a blue-white supergiant is
    1. Rigel
    2. Capella
    3. Betelgeuse
    4. Sirius
    5. Goliath
47. Main sequence stars are denoted in the figure by
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    5. What figure?
48. Super giant stars are denoted in the figure by
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    5. They are too big to be in the figure.
49. White dwarf stars are denoted in the figure by
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    5. Herzsprung and Russell thought dwarfs couldn't contribute
50. Stars that are more massive are usually
    1. also found to be less luminous
    2. also found to be more luminous
    3. found to have no relationship between mass and luminosity
    4. always in binary stars
    5. always on a diet
51. The sun is brighter than
    1. most of the visible stars in the sky
    2. most of the stars in our stellar neighborhood
    3. most of the stars in the giant region
    4. most of the very massive stars
    5. most supernovas
52. The longest stage in the lifetime of a star is
    1. red giant
    2. protostar
    3. T Tauri
    4. main sequence
    5. teenage years
53. The period of a cepheid variable star is directly related to its
    1. temperature
    2. luminosity
    3. color
    4. density
    5. orbital time around the earth
54. When a super nova explodes in another galaxy, it
    1. cannot be seen from earth
    2. may make the star up to ten times brighter
    3. can be noticed only if the galaxy is nearby
    4. may outshine the entire galaxy in which it is found
    5. can be heard for miles around
55. The force of gravity is continually trying to change a star as follows:
    1. make it larger
    2. make it smaller
    3. make it cooler
    4. make it less dense
    5. make it fall on its face
56. One area which is believed to be an area of star formation is
    1. the Oort cloud
    2. the Orion Nebula
    3. the Ring Nebula
    4. the Hercules Globular Cluster
    5. Hollywood
57. The heaviest atom that can be formed by thermonuclear fusion in the core of a very hot star is
    1. helium
    2. oxygen
    3. carbon
    4. iron
    5. atoms are never heavy

    
    

58. Which kinds of stars are thought to go through a supernova reaction?
    1. stars like the sun
    2. stars less massive than the sun
    3. stars considerably more massive than the sun
    4. white dwarfs
    5. stars seeking a big thrill
59. Which kind of star evolves fastest?
    1. stars like the sun
    2. stars less massive than the sun
    3. stars considerably more massive than the sun
    4. white dwarfs
    5. Darwinian stars
60. Giant and super giant stars are rare because
    1. they do not form as often as main sequence stars
    2. the giant and super giant stage is very long
    3. the giant and super giant stage is very short
    4. helium is very rare
    5. they are on the endangered star list
61. A nova is almost always associated with
    1. a giant star with a degenerate core
    2. a white dwarf in a close binary system
    3. a brown dwarf with a supernova remnant
    4. a helium rich Pop II star
    5. a PBS television show
62. A white dwarf has as much mass as the sun packed into the size of
    1. Jupiter
    2. the earth
    3. a comet
    4. an elephant
    5. a box of cereal
63. The density of a neutron star is about the same as
    1. the earth
    2. a white dwarf
    3. the sun
    4. an atomic nucleus, being made of all neutrons
    5. the darkest fog
64. The event horizon associated with a black hole
    1. is believed to be a singularity
    2. is a crystalline layer
    3. is the radius within which light cannot escape
    4. marks the inner boundary of a planetary nebula
    5. consists of events visible on our horizon
65. Which is NOT evidence for first black hole's discovery
    1. it was seen in a red supergiant phase
    2. it gave off X-rays which were periodic with the orbital period
    3. it was determined to be about five times as massive than the sun
    4. it was part of a binary star
    5. X-ray variability showed it must be very small

    
    

66. A nebula
    1. is an interstellar cloud of gas and/or dust
    2. must be dark
    3. is found only beyond our galactic boundaries
    4. consists of about a hundred billion stars
    5. is an undefined, nebulous concept
67. Neutral hydrogen may be detected between the stars because it emits
    1. a glow
    2. polarized light
    3. 21 cm radio signals
    4. x-rays
    5. neutral hydron cannot be detected

    
    

68. The interstellar medium can make distant stars
    1. look redder
    2. look bluer
    3. look dimmer
    4. look brighter
    5. look stupider
69. Emission nebula are red because
    1. they only occur near red giants
    2. their light comes from hydrogen alpha lines
    3. they have low temperatures
    4. they are rich in helium
    5. they are embarassed
70. The sky is blue because
    1. liquid oxygen is blue
    2. atmospheric molecules and dust scatter blue light the most
    3. polarization
    4. of strong hydrogen alpha emission
    5. it is having a bad day
71. Which is NOT true of the Great Nebula in Orion?
    1. it is visible even in a pair of binoculars
    2. it is a striking example of an external galaxy
    3. it is dominated by hot, blue-white stars
    4. it is found in the middle of Orion's sword
    5. it is bigger than all the fog in London
72. Most stars are
    1. Single stars like the Sun
    2. Binary or multiple stars
    3. T-Tauri stars
    4. Cepheid variables
    5. protected by the Stellar Privacy Act
73. Which is NOT a way to detect binary stars?
    1. periodic Doppler shifts in the spectral lines
    2. periodic variations in the combined brightness
    3. periodic variations in combined mass
    4. two distinct images in photographs
    5. periodic variations in periodic variations
74. The star Mizar is many things, but it is NOT
    1. an optical double with Alcor
    2. a visual binary
    3. a spectroscopic binary
    4. a first magnitude star
    5. at the bend in the handle of the Big Dipper
75. Massive, tightly-packed spherical, symmetrical groupings of stars are called
    1. groupings
    2. open clusters
    3. globular clusters
    4. associations
    5. clumps
76. The most useful method of measuring the distances of distant clusters uses
    1. parallax
    2. Cepheid Variables
    3. star luminosities
    4. cluster diameters
    5. Doppler shifts
77. Which star clusters lie in a spherical distribution about the center of the galaxy?
    1. associations
    2. globular
    3. open
    4. the Virgo cluster
    5. stellar gaggles
78. Which star clusters lie nearly in the galactic disk (the plane of the galaxy)?
    1. groupings
    2. globular
    3. open
    4. the Virgo cluster
    5. peanut
79. Which is NOT true about most of the stars in the Big Dipper?
    1. about the same distance
    2. part of a distant cluster of cepheids
    3. moving in the same direction
    4. part of a close cluster of stars
    5. about the same brightness
80. Which is NOT true of The Pleiades, or Seven Sisters?
    1. are an open cluster of mostly blue stars visible to the unaided eye
    2. were very important to many ancient people worldwide
    3. are beautiful in a pair of binoculars
    4. are an excellent example of a globular cluster
    5. the Japanese name for the Pleiades is "Subaru" (Check the hubcaps)
81. Open clusters and associations usually
    1. contain massive blue stars, and hence appear to be very young
    2. rarely contain gas and dust
    3. are never being disrupted by galactic tidal forces
    4. are always spherical in shape
    5. found only in external galaxies
82. Globular clusters
    1. contain massive blue stars, and hence appear to be very young
    2. contain many red stars, and hence appear to be very old
    3. rarely contain more than 1,000 stars
    4. are clearly being disrupted by galactic tidal forces
    5. are only found very near the sun
83. The fuzzy band of light in the night sky that we call the Milky Way is
    1. a band of gases
    2. millions of stars in the flattened part of the galaxy
    3. an illusion
    4. an extension of the Zodiacal Light
    5. a candy bar
84. The sun's location in our Milky Way galaxy is
    1. very near the center or nucleus
    2. in the disk
    3. in the Orion globular cluster
    4. in the halo
    5. the sun is in Snickers, not the Milky Way
85. 21 cm radio waves are used to map our galaxy's spiral arms because
    1. the arms have very high doppler shifts
    2. the gas in the arms is hot enough to emit ultraviolet photons
    3. the dust is denser in the arms
    4. the hydrogen gas is denser in the spiral arms
    5. is that AM or FM?
86. Where is the center of the Milky Way galaxy?
    1. near Polaris, the Pole Star
    2. near the tip of the arrow of Sagittarius, the Archer
    3. near the heart of Leo, the Lion
    4. near the Pleiades
    5. the direction to the Milky Way's center is not known
87. Which constellation is in the direction of our Milky Way spiral arm?
    1. Orion, the Hunter
    2. Virgo, the Virgin
    3. Sagittarius, the Archer
    4. Perseus, the Hero
    5. the Milky Way has no spiral arms
88. Our galaxy is
    1. a solitary object in space, isolated from other galaxies
    2. one of two objects that form a binary galaxy
    3. one of the smallest members of our Local Group of galaxies
    4. one of the largest members of our Local Group of galaxies
    5. called the King of the Local Supercluster
89. The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds are
    1. Bright diffuse nebulae in our galaxy where stars are forming
    2. Dark Bok globules where stars are forming
    3. Huge open clusters in the Milky Way's galactic plane
    4. Small satellite galaxies to our Milky Way galaxy
    5. Famous members of the London Fog
90. The nearest spiral galaxy, which is called our "sister galaxy," is
    1. The Orion Nebula
    2. The Large Magellanic Cloud
    3. The Great Galaxy in Fornax
    4. The Andromeda Galaxy
    5. The planet Venus

    
    

91. The reason that most people have never noticed the Andromeda galaxy is
    1. It looks just like a single star
    2. It requires high magnification in a telescope to see
    3. It is too dim
    4. There is too much air pollution
    5. They have never seen "The Andromeda Strain"
92. The chief importance of the Magellanic clouds to modern astronomy is
    1. they are irregular galaxies
    2. have many O and B stars
    3. show that galaxies can have satellite galaxies
    4. have stars that are all about the same distance from us
    5. they were important only to Magellan
93. Usually, the farther away a galaxy is from us, the more
    1. red-shifted its spectrum, and hence greater its speed toward us
    2. blue-shifted its spectrum, and hence greater its speed toward us
    3. red-shifted its spectrum, and hence greater its speed away from us
    4. blue-shifted its spectrum, and hence greater its speed away from us
    5. there is no relation between distance and spectral line shift
94. The belief in an "Expanding Universe" is based largely on
    1. Kepler's Laws
    2. Newton's Laws
    3. Einstein's Theory of Relativity
    4. Hubble's Relation
    5. No one can stay on a diet very long
95. Quasars often appear as
    1. spiral galaxies with extended nuclei
    2. strong radio sources, optically resembling a highly red-shifted star
    3. strong ultraviolet and infrared sources
    4. X-ray sources
    5. spherical globes, reddish in color
96. The brightest star in the sky is
    1. Betelgeuse
    2. Vega
    3. Arcturus
    4. Sirius
    5. Saturn
97. On the map, the orange giant Arcturus is found at
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    5. Sorry, it just rained too much this semester!

    
    

98. On the map on the reverse side, the Great Nebula in Orion is found at
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    5. Is the "reverse side" the same as the back of this page?
99. On the map, the Andromeda Galaxy is found at
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    5. Galaxies are too small to be found on the map.
100. On the map, the Pleiades (Seven Sisters) are found at
     1. A
     2. B
     3. C
     4. D
     5. The Seventh Sister has never been found